what are the causes effects and prevention of water pollution?
what are the causes effects and prevention of
water pollution?
It is
possible to describe pollution as the emission into the natural environmental
system of hazardous substances or pollutants.There are many forms of extreme
emissions that are very destructive to our world, most of them caused by human
activity.Not only does pollution have harmful effects on humans, but it also
harms a number of animals, plants and other living species. This article discusses in
depth the causes, forms, impacts and solutions for water pollution.To the point that it is unusable, the World
Health Organization (WHO) reports that contaminated water is water whose
composition has been altered. In other words, poisonous water, which
cannot be drank or used for important purposes such as agriculture, is also the
source of diseases such as diarrhoea, cholera, dysentery, typhoid and
poliomyelitis, killing more than 500,000 people every year across the world.
Bacteria, bacteria, fungi,
fertilisers, pesticides, pharmaceutical products, nitrates, phosphates,
chemicals, fecal waste and even radioactive substances are the major water
pollutants.The colour of the water does not always change these contaminants,
which means that they are also invisible pollutants. That's why, to assess
water quality, small quantities of water and aquatic species are tested.
MAIN CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION
Nature also
triggers it, such as when mercury filters from the surface of the Earth,
polluting seas, rivers, lakes, canals and reservoirs. It is also caused by
nature, such as when mercury filters from the Earth's surface, contaminating
oceans, rivers, lakes, canals and reservoirs.
1.Global warning:
Water is heated by rising global
temperatures caused by CO2 emissions, reducing its oxygen content.
2.Deforestation:Felling forests can exhaust water supplies
and create organic residue that is a breeding ground for bacteria that are
harmful..3.Industry,agriculture and livestock
farming:One of the key causes of water eutrophication is chemical
dumping from certain industries.4.Rubbish and faecal water dumping:About 80% of the
world's waste makes its way through untreated seas and rivers, the UN states.. 5. Maritime traffic:Most of the ocean's plastic waste
comes from fishing boats, tankers and shipping cargo.
5. Fuel spillagesThe transport and storage of oil
and its derivatives is subject to leaks that contaminate our water supplies.
EFFECT OF WATER POLLUTION:The loss of the quality of water
harms the climate, health and the global economy. World Bank President David Malpass warns of the economic
effects," water quality is stalling economic growth and exacerbating
poverty in many countries”The reason is that the growth in the Gross Domestic
Product (GDP) of the regions within the associated water basins drop by a third
when biological oxygen demand, the indicator that measures the organic
pollution contained in water, reaches a certain threshold.. In addition, here
are some of the other consequences:
- Destruction of biodiversity. Water
contamination depletes marine environments and causes unbridled
phytoplankton proliferation in lakes.
- Contamination of the food chain. Fishing
and the use of waste water for livestock farming and agriculture in
polluted waters can introduce toxins into foods that are harmful to our
health when eaten.
- Lack of potable water. The UN
says that billions of people around the world, particularly in rural
areas, do not have access to clean water for drinking or sanitation.
- Disease.The WHO reports that about 2
billion individuals have no choice but to drink excrement-contaminated
water, exposing them to diseases such as cholera, hepatitis A, and
dysentery.
- Infant mortality. Diarrhoeal
diseases linked to lack of hygiene cause the death of around 1,000
children worldwide every day, according to the UN.
PREVENTION
OF WATER POLLUTIONBy 2025, half of the world's population will
live in water-scarce regions, so every drop of contaminated water today
represents an irreparable loss for tomorrow. That's why we must prevent water pollution with measures like the
following:
- Reducing CO2
emissions to stop global warming and ocean acidification.
- Reduce the
use of crops with chemical pesticides and nutrients.
- Minimize and manage waste water safely so
that not only emissions but irrigation and power generation can be reused.
- Ban the use
of single-use plastics, which are often floated by microplastic in rivers,
lakes and oceans.
- Encouraging sustainable fisheries in
order to ensure species survival and to prevent sea depletion.
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